Load
factor
- It is defined as the ratio of average demand to the maximum demand.
- Load factor = Average demand / Maximum demand
- Average load = Number of unit generation / time
- Average load ( Daily )
= Number of unit generation in a
day / 24
- Average load ( Month )
= Number of unit generation in a day
/ 24 × 30
- Average load ( Yearly )
= Number of unit generation in a day
/ 24 × 30 × 365
Importance
of load factor
- Higher value of load factor means lower will be cost per unit generated and vice versa it is desirable that the value of load factor always higher.
- Higher the load factor means lower maximum demand or higher average demand ( or higher number of unit generation for a given time )
- As tariff charges depends upon fixed part-maximum demand and variable part number of units consumption.
- Lower value maximum demand, resulting lower fixed charges of tariff which is distributed among large number of units generated therefore overall cost per unit generation is reduced.
- As the number of unit generation for a given time increases, the load factor also increases.
- Greater number of unit generation for a given plant, means cost per unit decreases.
Diversity
factor
- It is defined as the ratio of sum of individual maximum demand and maximum demand of the power station.
- Diversity Factor
= Sum of individual maximum demand
/ Maximum demand of power station
Importance
of diversity factor
- Lower the value of maximum demand, higher the diversity factor as vice versa.
- The capital cost of power station depends upon capacity of the power station.
- Lower the maximum demand, lower the capital required for the power station.
- For a given number of consumers, higher the diversity factor of load, smaller will be capacity of the plant therefore fixed charges for the plant will be reduced.
- Therefore the utility company always tries to increases load factor as well as diversity factor.
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