Battery Swapping

A depleted EV battery is removed from the vehicle and replaced with fully charged one.
This technology is used for EV two wheelers, EV three wheelers, EV cars and EV buses.
As the battery packs are smaller and weight can be handled by one or two person, two wheelers and three wheelers battery swamping are generally used.

Robotic Swapping

A robotic arm is used for swapping of battery for 4 wheels and e bus applications because of larger size and heavy battery.

Advantages	Challenges
Battery swapping is done in just few minutes	No standardization among EV batteries
Swapping station can be set up at any location, no more EVSE (Electrical vehicle supply Equipment) requirement.	Weights, dimensions of battery pack are not equal in all types of same category EVs.
Increases predictability of battery life	Higher number of batteries required at the battery swapping station.
Battery replaced by battery leasing	Higher cost of battery leasing over the life of electrical vehicle
	Higher tax (GST) over battery 18% as compared to the battery sold with Electrical Vehicles (only 5% GST)