In this theory, atomic model of Bohr is explained here.
Bohr’s Atomic Model
The
atomic model is proposed by Bohr in 1913. The Bohr has made following assumptions.
- The atom has massive positive charged nucleus.
- The electrons revolve round their nucleus in circular orbits.
- The centrifugal force between electron and nucleus is balanced by electrostatic pull.
- The electron cannot revolve round the nucleus in any arbitrary orbit but certain definite discrete orbits (stationary orbits).
- The orbital angular momentum of the electron is equal to an integral multiple of h/2π
- Orbital angular momentum = nh / 2π
- Where n = Integer, h = Planck’s constant
- The electrons do not radiate out any electromagnetic energy while revolving in the stationary orbits. In other words. the orbits are non-radiating path of the electron.
Frequency of Emitted Photons
- When electrons jump from one orbit to another orbit, the atom radiates out energy.
- If E1 and E2 are the energy of the two orbits before and after electron jump, the frequency of the emitted photon is given by
E1
– E2 = hf
ΔE
= hf
Where
f = Frequency of the emitted radiations
- If I is moment of inertia of an electron and ω is its angular velocity, then
ωI
= nh / 2π
(
mr2 ) ω = nh / 2π
(
mr2 ) ( v / r ) = nh / 2π
mvr
= nh / 2π
- The n is called as principal quantum number or Bohr’s circular orbit and it is first, second and third orbits etc…. If fixes the size of allowed orbits
= 1, 2, 3 etc
- momentum of revolving electron = mv
- moment of electron about nucleus = mvr
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